【佳学基因检测】MicroRNAs 在结直肠癌的预后和治疗中：从实验室到床边

肿瘤基因检测有用吗分析

分析肿瘤分子诊断与基因分析了解《World J Gastroenterol》在. 2018 Jul 21;24(27):2949-2973.发表了一篇题目为《MicroRNAs 在结直肠癌的预后和治疗中：从实验室到床边》肿瘤靶向药物治疗基因检测临床研究文章。该研究由Kenneth Kw To, Christy Ws Tong, Mingxia Wu, William Cs Cho等完成。促进了肿瘤的精准治疗与个性化用药的发展，进一步强调了基因信息检测与分析的重要性。

肿瘤靶向药物及精准治疗临床研究内容关键词：

肿瘤靶向治疗基因检测临床应用结果

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 是小的、单链的、非编码 RNA，可以在转录后调节各种癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的表达。许多 miRNA 的失调表达已被证明可介导在结直肠癌 (CRC) 的多步癌变中至关重要的信号通路。 miRNA 是稳定的，并且可以防止 RNase 介导的降解，从而使其能够在生物体液和档案组织中进行检测以进行生物标志物研究。本综述重点介绍 miRNA 在 CRC 预后和治疗中的作用和应用。虽然 II 期 CRC 有可能通过手术切除治愈，但很大比例的 II 期 CRC 患者确实会复发。 miRNA 生物标志物可用于对此类高危人群进行辅助化疗分层，以提供更好的预后。越来越多的证据还表明 miRNA 参与了 CRC 的转移过程。因此，这些 miRNA 中的某些可用作预后生物标志物，以识别更可能发生微转移的患者，这些患者可以在手术后更密切地监测和/或给予更积极的辅助化疗。对化疗的内在和获得性耐药严重阻碍了 CRC 治疗中成功的化疗。用于对化疗反应的预测性 miRNA 生物标志物可以识别将从特定方案中受益最多的患者，并且还可以使患者免于不必要的副作用。随着预测性 miRNA 生物标志物的使用，选择接受新靶向治疗的患者成为可能。最后，通过基因治疗强制表达抑癌miRNA或沉默肿瘤中的致癌miRNA，也可以单独或与其他化疗药物联合治疗CRC。结直肠癌；转移;微小RNA；多药耐药；预后；复发;风险分层;治疗目标。基因解码基因检测的研究结论：肿瘤标志物和 CT 模式可能有助于识别 OC 中的 BRCA 突变状态，指导患者进行个性化治疗。 HE4-CA125；卵巢癌; CT检查。

肿瘤发生与复发转移国际数据库描述：

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of many miRNAs have been shown to mediate the signaling pathways critical in the multistep carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). MiRNAs are stable and protected from RNase-mediated degradation, thereby enabling its detection in biological fluids and archival tissues for biomarker studies. This review focuses on the role and application of miRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of CRC. While stage II CRC is potentially curable by surgical resection, a significant percentage of stage II CRC patients do develop recurrence. MiRNA biomarkers may be used to stratify such high-risk population for adjuvant chemotherapy to provide better prognoses. Growing evidence also suggests that miRNAs are involved in the metastatic process of CRC. Certain of these miRNAs may thus be used as prognostic biomarkers to identify patients more likely to have micro-metastasis, who could be monitored more closely after surgery and/or given more aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapy severely hinders successful chemotherapy in CRC treatment. Predictive miRNA biomarkers for response to chemotherapy may identify patients who will benefit the most from a particular regimen and also spare the patients from unnecessary side effects. Selection of patients to receive the new targeted therapy is becoming possible with the use of predictive miRNA biomarkers. Lastly, forced expression of tumor suppressor miRNA or silencing of oncogenic miRNA in tumors by gene therapy can also be adopted to treat CRC alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.Keywords: Apoptosis; Colorectal cancer; Metastasis; MicroRNA; Multidrug resistance; Prognosis; Recurrence; Risk stratification; Therapeutic target.Conclusions: Tumor markers and CT patterns may help in identifying BRCA mutation status in OC directing patients towards a personalized treatment.Keywords: BRCA; HE4-CA125; Ovarian cancer; computed tomography.

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